Properties
1. Sharing
User can easily send photos, videos, location and contact while chatting in WhatsApp. Sharing many type of sharing option available on WhatsApp.
Take a new photo or video with your iPhone's or smartphone camera to share new or current photo or video of yours. Videos that are recorded using WhatsApp are limited to 90 seconds. User also could send an existing photo from camera roll, photo album or iCloud Photo Stream (only iPhone). You can share multiple photos at once.
Existing video can be shared from your camera roll or photo albums. Existing videos are limited to 16 Megabytes that is about 90 seconds of video on most phones. If the existing video that is larger than 16 Megabytes, there is option to trim the length of the video before sending it. Videos may be automatically compressed to ensure quick delivery. To share the new and existing photos or videos you have the option to preview and add a caption to your video before sending it to your friend and family.
Your friend and family can easy know where you are by the sharing location on WhatsApp. You can share location where you are or location of nearby places such as restaurant, coffee shop, shopping mall and so on by sharing your exact location on a map. You will need to grant the application permission to use your current location. Searching for a specific place nearby is easier when you share a named place because WhatsApp will send a special link to the person you that you are sharing location.
You can share a contact card from your address book to share contact information with your friends and family. You can deselect information that you do not want to share.
2. Avoid redundancy
WhatsApp is ad-free that is advertisement allowed. There is no specific storage allocated for advertisement. Hence, it avoids the data redundancy and minimizes the size of space. "Advertising has us chasing cars and clothes, working jobs we hate so we can buy shit we don’t need" by Tyler Durden, Fight Clu. These are term used in WhatsApp for not tolerating advertisement. The founder of WhatsApp said "advertising isn't just the disruption of aesthetics, the insults to your intelligence and the interruption of your train of thought". WhatsApp are concentrating in fixing bugs, adding new features and persisting details for good messaging to every phone.
Data duplication is one of the problem occur in many application. WhatsApp application avoids unnecessary duplication of data and effectively reduces the total amount of data storage required. In other word, it save the storage and control the space or size. WhatsApp also eliminates the extra processing necessary to trace the required data in a large storage of data. Database Management System of WhatsApp controls the duplication and the the system will ensures that these multiple copies to avoid the redundancy.
3. Avoid inconsistency
Data inconsistency occurs when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places. Data inconsistency creates unreliable information, because it will be difficult to determine which version of the information is correct. WhatsApp avoid data inconsistency by the terms of Service and Privacy Policy.to make user more comfortable with this application. Once they bounded with the term and services they will use the current downloaded version of WhatsApp unless they upgrade or update the version into latest one but it is still maintain by the WhatsApp system.
Data inconsistency is likely to occur when there is data redundancy. Since, WhatsApp avoid data redundancy it also avoid inconsistency indirectly.
4. Integrity
Integrity is maintaining the consistency of stored data. WhatsApp maintain a completeness, accuracy and consistency of data. Fast, clean interface and integrates automatically with the contacts in the smartphone. Even, adding a link to their name in Andoid's contact list. It is very quick data stored and easy to deal with WhatsApp application. Data integrity of WhatsApp ensures that all data in a WhatsApp database can be traced and connected to other data.
5. Involved transaction
Data transaction involved in WhatsApp. Facebook could do everything. The transfer of large amount of data will take a long time and must be done in a reliable fashion.
User can transfer data in this format. Maximum 16 MB video only can be transfer. However whatsapp introduced a new feature which allows you to trim and compress the video before sending.[10][11][12][13]
User can easily send photos, videos, location and contact while chatting in WhatsApp. Sharing many type of sharing option available on WhatsApp.
Take a new photo or video with your iPhone's or smartphone camera to share new or current photo or video of yours. Videos that are recorded using WhatsApp are limited to 90 seconds. User also could send an existing photo from camera roll, photo album or iCloud Photo Stream (only iPhone). You can share multiple photos at once.
Existing video can be shared from your camera roll or photo albums. Existing videos are limited to 16 Megabytes that is about 90 seconds of video on most phones. If the existing video that is larger than 16 Megabytes, there is option to trim the length of the video before sending it. Videos may be automatically compressed to ensure quick delivery. To share the new and existing photos or videos you have the option to preview and add a caption to your video before sending it to your friend and family.
Your friend and family can easy know where you are by the sharing location on WhatsApp. You can share location where you are or location of nearby places such as restaurant, coffee shop, shopping mall and so on by sharing your exact location on a map. You will need to grant the application permission to use your current location. Searching for a specific place nearby is easier when you share a named place because WhatsApp will send a special link to the person you that you are sharing location.
You can share a contact card from your address book to share contact information with your friends and family. You can deselect information that you do not want to share.
2. Avoid redundancy
WhatsApp is ad-free that is advertisement allowed. There is no specific storage allocated for advertisement. Hence, it avoids the data redundancy and minimizes the size of space. "Advertising has us chasing cars and clothes, working jobs we hate so we can buy shit we don’t need" by Tyler Durden, Fight Clu. These are term used in WhatsApp for not tolerating advertisement. The founder of WhatsApp said "advertising isn't just the disruption of aesthetics, the insults to your intelligence and the interruption of your train of thought". WhatsApp are concentrating in fixing bugs, adding new features and persisting details for good messaging to every phone.
Data duplication is one of the problem occur in many application. WhatsApp application avoids unnecessary duplication of data and effectively reduces the total amount of data storage required. In other word, it save the storage and control the space or size. WhatsApp also eliminates the extra processing necessary to trace the required data in a large storage of data. Database Management System of WhatsApp controls the duplication and the the system will ensures that these multiple copies to avoid the redundancy.
3. Avoid inconsistency
Data inconsistency occurs when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places. Data inconsistency creates unreliable information, because it will be difficult to determine which version of the information is correct. WhatsApp avoid data inconsistency by the terms of Service and Privacy Policy.to make user more comfortable with this application. Once they bounded with the term and services they will use the current downloaded version of WhatsApp unless they upgrade or update the version into latest one but it is still maintain by the WhatsApp system.
Data inconsistency is likely to occur when there is data redundancy. Since, WhatsApp avoid data redundancy it also avoid inconsistency indirectly.
4. Integrity
Integrity is maintaining the consistency of stored data. WhatsApp maintain a completeness, accuracy and consistency of data. Fast, clean interface and integrates automatically with the contacts in the smartphone. Even, adding a link to their name in Andoid's contact list. It is very quick data stored and easy to deal with WhatsApp application. Data integrity of WhatsApp ensures that all data in a WhatsApp database can be traced and connected to other data.
5. Involved transaction
Data transaction involved in WhatsApp. Facebook could do everything. The transfer of large amount of data will take a long time and must be done in a reliable fashion.
- images of any type that conforms to public.image (for example, PNG and JPEG)
- videos of any type that conforms to public.movie (for example, MPEG-4 video)
- audio files (only MPEG-3, MPEG-4, AIFF, AIFF-C and Core Audio)
User can transfer data in this format. Maximum 16 MB video only can be transfer. However whatsapp introduced a new feature which allows you to trim and compress the video before sending.[10][11][12][13]
Activities
1. Creation and maintenance of relationships among multimedia objects and their efficient retrieval
Creating multimedia objects such as text, image, audio, and video have its own capacity. WhatsApp have this multimedia object which store the information in the database. The multimedia database includes WhatsApp multimedia database system and a multimedia database management system. The data of multimedia objects have to manage differently according on the type of data. Hence, by having multimedia database system and a multimedia database management system in WhatsApp helps to store and retrieve data more efficiently.
WhatsApp have this ability to create multimedia object and able to manage it in a manner of retrieve it back efficiently. For example in WhatsApp we can capture a new photo from our phone camera using the WhatsApp camera feature. The system will store the picture in such a way that we can easily retrieve it. The photo that we captured via the WhatsApp will be saved in our phone image gallery. We can retrieve the photo when ever we want.
2. Models
WhatsApp database model contains logical structure of database where data can be stored, organized and manipulated as well. WhatsApp use networking model which its database model conceived as a flexible way of representing multimedia data and their relationship. The network model differs from the relational model in that data are represented by collections of records and relationship among data from the WhatsApp database. It allows multiple records to be linked to the same file that contains in WhatsApp. Example one WhatsApp conversation can be link to text message, video message, voice message or even a group chat which link to many file but still in one branch.
3. Storage Management Content-Based Retrieval
Android applications store data mainly in two locations, external storage and internal storage. On the external storage (SD card), the data can be stored and managed at any location whereas on the internal storage data storage is controlled by the Android APIs. According to Yoshitaka & Ichikawa further indicated a query-by-example approach for content-based representation, which is a method of query specification and allows a user to specify a query by giving examples. For example, an image object is retrieved by the shape of objects, by specifying colors and their spatial distribution in the image, or by a specific pattern appearing in an image. The multimedia objects can be stored in WhatsApp and retrieve it efficiently because given space for and system that helps to manage the variety type of multimedia data. For example the image we saved from the conversation into our phone image gallery or SD card will give the same quality of image went we retrieve it.
4. Presentation of Multimedia Objects
The presentation of multimedia objects such as the text, graphics, images, audio and video embedded in WhatsApp massager. The chatting in the WhatsApp can be started or present in text form where the create text and send it to our friend. WhatsApp uses emoji for its list of available emoticons. Emoji is a standard form of emoticon which works on all modern smartphones, tablets and computers. There are different categories of emoji that insert on this application and it all have their own meaning. Below is the categories of emoji:
Ø People Emoji
Ø Nature Emoji
Ø Objects Emoji
Ø Places Emoji
Ø Symbols Emoji
Presentation of Multimedia object is clear and attractive. Sending image, voice message and video message is apart of multimedia presentation.
5. Multimedia Communications
Communication issues include ad hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, and data WhatsApp stores all data in a SQLite database. Since it is a cross-platform app for mobile devices, the location of the database varies from OS to OS.WhatsApp uses a customized version of the open standard Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) to exchange data over the internet. However, you will generally find the database stored on the SD card in an encrypted format on Android. [14][15][16]
Creating multimedia objects such as text, image, audio, and video have its own capacity. WhatsApp have this multimedia object which store the information in the database. The multimedia database includes WhatsApp multimedia database system and a multimedia database management system. The data of multimedia objects have to manage differently according on the type of data. Hence, by having multimedia database system and a multimedia database management system in WhatsApp helps to store and retrieve data more efficiently.
WhatsApp have this ability to create multimedia object and able to manage it in a manner of retrieve it back efficiently. For example in WhatsApp we can capture a new photo from our phone camera using the WhatsApp camera feature. The system will store the picture in such a way that we can easily retrieve it. The photo that we captured via the WhatsApp will be saved in our phone image gallery. We can retrieve the photo when ever we want.
2. Models
WhatsApp database model contains logical structure of database where data can be stored, organized and manipulated as well. WhatsApp use networking model which its database model conceived as a flexible way of representing multimedia data and their relationship. The network model differs from the relational model in that data are represented by collections of records and relationship among data from the WhatsApp database. It allows multiple records to be linked to the same file that contains in WhatsApp. Example one WhatsApp conversation can be link to text message, video message, voice message or even a group chat which link to many file but still in one branch.
3. Storage Management Content-Based Retrieval
Android applications store data mainly in two locations, external storage and internal storage. On the external storage (SD card), the data can be stored and managed at any location whereas on the internal storage data storage is controlled by the Android APIs. According to Yoshitaka & Ichikawa further indicated a query-by-example approach for content-based representation, which is a method of query specification and allows a user to specify a query by giving examples. For example, an image object is retrieved by the shape of objects, by specifying colors and their spatial distribution in the image, or by a specific pattern appearing in an image. The multimedia objects can be stored in WhatsApp and retrieve it efficiently because given space for and system that helps to manage the variety type of multimedia data. For example the image we saved from the conversation into our phone image gallery or SD card will give the same quality of image went we retrieve it.
4. Presentation of Multimedia Objects
The presentation of multimedia objects such as the text, graphics, images, audio and video embedded in WhatsApp massager. The chatting in the WhatsApp can be started or present in text form where the create text and send it to our friend. WhatsApp uses emoji for its list of available emoticons. Emoji is a standard form of emoticon which works on all modern smartphones, tablets and computers. There are different categories of emoji that insert on this application and it all have their own meaning. Below is the categories of emoji:
Ø People Emoji
Ø Nature Emoji
Ø Objects Emoji
Ø Places Emoji
Ø Symbols Emoji
Presentation of Multimedia object is clear and attractive. Sending image, voice message and video message is apart of multimedia presentation.
5. Multimedia Communications
Communication issues include ad hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, and data WhatsApp stores all data in a SQLite database. Since it is a cross-platform app for mobile devices, the location of the database varies from OS to OS.WhatsApp uses a customized version of the open standard Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) to exchange data over the internet. However, you will generally find the database stored on the SD card in an encrypted format on Android. [14][15][16]